Despite its microclimates, which vary in drier or more humid areas, it is safe to mention that the region has a moderately temperate clime, with oceanic characteristics. The soils are volcanic and very fertile. The relief of the island is very irregular, so the vines are planted on the slopes of volcanic origin, adapting to the steep slopes and deep valleys.

The noble white varieties are Sercial, Verdelho, Boal and Malvasia, vinified in order to provide different degrees of sweetness, marketed in a style respectively dry, medium dry, medium sweet and sweet. However, the most widely planted variety on the island is Tinta Negra, a red variety easily adaptable, able to fit the four styles of sweetness.

The wine "Madeira" was considered by most European courts a very elegant wine. It was even used to serve as perfume on the ladies scarves. In England, Madeira and Port Wine competed for the first place in the preferences of the court.